Sandstone countertops can be damaged by a variety of factors, including:

1. Stains: Exposure to acidic substances like lemon juice or vinegar can cause etching or discoloration on the surface.

2. Scratches: Sandstone is a relatively soft stone that can be easily scratched or chipped by sharp objects like knives or pots.

3. Heat: Sandstone can crack or fracture if exposed to high temperatures or extreme changes in temperature, like placing a hot pan directly on the surface.

4. Moisture: Sandstone can absorb moisture, which can lead to discoloration or staining, particularly if it is not properly sealed.

5. Impact: Sandstone can be damaged if heavy objects are dropped or if it is struck with a blunt force.